How do you train a bird that's not food motivated?

Every training guide says use treats as rewards. Problem: my umbrella cockatoo could not care less about treats. Mochi will literally throw a sunflower seed at me and walk away. They're more motivated by head scratches. Has anyone successfully trained a non-food-motivated bird?

Great question! So in my experience with cockatiel, this usually comes down to a few things. First, target training first, then building up to step-up. Second, make sure they're getting enough sleep — 12 hours of uninterrupted dark sleep is crucial. And third, pay attention to being moved to a new cage or new room because that was a huge factor for my Kiwi. Hope that helps!

Been thinking about this thread all week. I've tried a few of the suggestions and putting treats inside paper cups, folded paper, or tissue for foraging was the game changer for us.

I have a similar story. My budgie used to do the exact same thing. I remember being SO frustrated until one day it just clicked. Patience is truly the key with birds.